Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and. Technology has begun to solve some pollution problems, and public awareness of the extent of pollution will eventually make government bodies to be more proactive rather than. Potential damage to ecosystems at high levels, including degradation of. Certain air pollutants are also released from natural sources.
Definitions and classifications used in the study of air pollution are introduced. Air pollution pm climate change slcps, land use policies combustion climate change co2 local short term health impacts globallong term health impacts deaths per capita attributable to the joint effects of household air pollution and ambient air pollution by region, 2012 c. Types, sources, effects and control of air pollutants. These acids are formed primarily by nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides released into the. Environmental pollution can be defined as a change that is not wished or desired in the chemical, physical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment air, water, and soil which can cause harmful effects on various or many forms of life.
Effects of energy production and consumption on air. Source of pollution an overview sciencedirect topics. Air pollution has multiple sources, including natural as well as manmade sources. Definition, sources and effects of noise pollution. Some of the air pollutants, their sources, and effects. Pdf this book is consist of for section air pollution,water pollution,solid waste and sounds pollution find, read and cite all the research you. Sources of air pollution and their control 2nd edition. This effect is particularly likely to occur in people suffering from asthma and chronic lung disease. Understanding of the longterm health effects of exposure to air pollution is currently rather limited, but experts suggest that cutting long term exposure to. It is the contaminants of air by the discharge of detrimental substances.
The united states and china are the top two energy consumers in the world. The major causes of water pollution include sewage and other oxygendemanding wastes, urbanization, agrochemical wastes, thermal pollution, industrial wastes, nutrient enrichment, acid rain pollution, oil spillage, the disruption of sediments. Air emissions of nitrogen oxides from power plants, cars, trucks, and other sources contribute to the amount of nitrogen entering aquatic ecosystems. Soil and dust are significant sources of exposure to lead, particularly for young children.
The sources of pollution vary from small unit of cigarettes and natural sources such as volcanic activities to large volume of emission from motor engines of automobiles and industrial activities. In other words, the source of the pollutant can be easily identified. The reasons for this are 1 the limited volumes of dilution air. The study bears significance to almost all countries that, due to the pressure of high energy demand, tend to settle for any available energy source without considering the environmental effects. There are many sources of particle pollution 3 woodburning stoves forest fires diesel engines. It creates smog and acid rain, causes cancer and respiratory diseases, reduces the ozone layer atmosphere and contributes to global warming. Soil pollution types, effects, sources and control of. Definition air pollution air pollution may be defined as the presence one or more contaminants or combinations thereof in air in such quantities and of such durations as may be or tend to be injurious to human, animal or plant life, or property, or which unreasonably interferes with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property or. Air pollution in urban areas is generated by transport, industry and energy production.
Rosenfeld, in handbook of pollution prevention and cleaner production, 2010. Indeed, according to the world health organization, air atmospheric pollution is responsible for the premature death of 7 million people each year. Air pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air. Keep reading to learn more about the different types of air pollution, their effects, and possible ways to control them. Causes, effects and solutions of air pollution conserve energy. Sources of water pollution are divided into two main categories. I air pollution caused by industries jiming hao and guowen li typically decreases at the rate of 6. Globally, air pollution is responsible for about 25% of all adult deaths from stroke, 24% from heart disease, 43% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd and 29% from lung cancer, the who estimates show. Effects of air pollution on human health and practical.
Air pollution in buildings can come from indoor sources and from air exchange with outdoor ambient pollution. Air pollution is also likely to affect health over the longer term. Environmental effects along with harming human health, air pollution can cause a variety of environmental effects. A low sound is pleasant whereas a loud sound is unpleasant and is commonly referred to as noise. The effects of air pollution on human health a major study links pollution in cities with deaths of elderly and sick people on a daily basis. Read this article to learn about the types, sources, effects and control of air pollution. Buring fossil fuel will release a lot of harmful gases into the air and cause smog. Pyramid of health effects from air pollution proportion of population affected ects 10. Sound, a normal feature of our life, is the means of communication and entertainment in most animals, including human beings. The main air pollution indica tors are so2, nox, pm, co. Besides these are the entertainment equipment in the house, namely the radio, recordplayers and television sets. In addition, natural sources such as volcano and forest fire events, different types of air pollutants, health hazards, their effects, possible.
He further added that air pollution is caused of ill health and death by natural and manmade sources, major manmade sources of ambient air pollution include tobacco smoke, combustion of solid fuels for cooking, heating, home cleaning. Natural sources include emissions from plants, from the. Sources of air pollution in europe air pollution is not the same anywhere. Both for the purpose of this research, emphasis are on water pollution and control. In order to understand the causes of air pollution, several divisions can be made. Air pollution is a major problem of recent decades, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. Air pollution threatens the health of humans and other living beings in our planet. Methods desktop study methods were used to source data for this secondary research. Smog refers to thick smoke hovering over a particular area and this affects people more easily.
Mobile sources mobile sources include onroad vehicles like cars, trucks, and buses. Air pollution is defined as the introduction of pollutants, organic molecules, or other unsafe materials into earths atmosphere. Point source pollution occurs when a pollutant is discharged at a specific source. Pdf air pollution sources, pollutants and mitigation. Different pollutants are released into the atmosphere from a wide range of sources, including industry, transport, agriculture, waste management and households. Sources, effects, prevention, and control air pollution has a major impact on the process of plant evolution by preventing photosynthesis in many cases, with serious consequences for the purification of the air we breathe. Air exchange may be active, as in the case of a mechanical ventilation system, or passive, as in the case of infiltration associated with temperature or pressure differences between the outside and the interior of a building. All new stationary sources of air pollution, and all modified or reconstructed stationary sources of air pollution shall comply with the standards, criteria, and requirements set forth herein. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution.
Air pollution is a leading risk factor for premature death in ghana. The ultimate result is a change in the natural environment andor ecosystem. The impact of fine particles and ozone executive summary air pollution is a leading environmental threat to the health of urban populations overall and specifically to new york city residents. Sources of water pollution water pollution in nigeria according to gbamanija 1998 arises from various activities, among which are. An emissions inventory is an accounting of the amount of pollution discharged into an airshed from different sources. This can be in the form of excessive gases like carbon dioxide and other vapours that cannot be effectively removed through natural cycles, such as the carbon cycle or the nitrogen cycle. Examples of point source pollution include a leaking pipe or. Air pollution is the presence of one or more disadvantageous content in such quantity and for such duration, as it is catastrophic, or tend to be catastrophic, to human health and welfare, animal or plant life. These include emission heights, chemical transformations, reactions to sunlight, additional natural and hemispheric contributions and the impact. Dora, who deaths per 100, 000 capita 0 45 90 5 180 africa. Outdoor air pollution main sources combustion of fossil fuels domestic heating power generation motor vehicles industrial processes agricultural processes waste incineration natural processes thunderstorms volcanoes cdc etze l cdc source of outdoor air pollution depends on where you are. Consequences of air pollution co 2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space, which produces the socalled greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic cooling of the earth during the night. Consequences of air pollution co 2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space, which produces the socalled greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic cooling of the earth during the night increasing the amount of co 2 in the atmosphere. They also include offroad vehicles such as ships, airplanes, and equipment used in agriculture.
Finally, there are natural phenomena that release air pollutants into the atmosphere. Domestic gadgets like the mixergrinders, pressure cookers, desert coolers, air conditioners, exhaust fans, vacuum cleaners, sewing and washing machines are. Precursor to secondary pm and therefore contributes to the illhealth effects caused by pm 10 and pm 2. Here, the main types of air pollution commonly found in urban environments are pre. What are the causes of air pollution pollutant description and main uk sources potential effects on healthenvironment particulate matter pmpm 10 and pm 2. For example, volcanic eruptions release sulfur and carbon dioxide.
Sources of air pollution and their control discusses the cause, effect, transport, measurement, and control of air pollution. Soil pollution types, effects, sources and control of soil pollution soil pollution soil pollution is defined as, contamination of soil by human and natural activities which may cause harmful effect on living organisms. In this industrial age, air pollution cannot be eliminated completely. Pyramid of health effects from air pollution proportion of population affected ects 10 lung inflammation, coughing, increased. Summary air pollution, particularly in urban areas, constitutes a public health concern, as it has a harmful effect on the health, survival and activities of humans and other living organisms. Environmental pollution usually occurs as a result of energy conversions and the use of resources which leaves their byproducts behind in water, soil or air. Air pollution is a change in the physical, chemical and biological characteristic of air that causes adverse effects on humans and other organisms.